Friday, December 19 :: Click Link for assignment >

August 29 : Shutter & Aperture working together!

PLEASE KEEP CELL PHONES AWAY!

Expectations:

C: Voice Level 2 (only the people next to you can hear you and no shouting across the room)

H: Ask your team, elbow partner or raise hand

A: Work on the assignment

M: Stay in your assigned seat

P: Work till assignment is completed

S: Finishing your work

YOU WILL NEED A NOTEBOOK/PENCIL!

Get to know your camera!

What makes a DSLR?

Canon EOS R50

WHAT ARE WE LEARNING: About Digital Cameras

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT: Cameras are an intricate piece of expensive equipment. If you can get to know your camera so well that you don't have to consciously think every time you want to change a setting, you will have more energy to focus on your subject and the creative aspects of picture making.

HOW WILL MY TEACHER KNOW WHAT I LEARNED: You will take notes on the parts and functionality of our cameras and soon will be quizzed!

How do we understand Shutter Speeds? (recap)

< Slower shutter speed = MORE light Faster Shutter speed = LESS light>

All of the numbers are actually fractions of a second. So 250 is actually 1/250 of a second etc.
Remember when you move to the LEFT of the scale, you get MORE light.
When you move to the RIGHT of the scale, you get LESS light!
1/2 of anything is greater than 1/4000 of anything right???

How do we understand Aperture/F-stop? (recap)

All of the numbers are actually like fractions.
"f" is the numerator (top) and the f-stop number is denominator (bottom)
If you had 1/4 cup of salt, thats actually a large amount of salt...conversely if you had 1/16 (f/16) cup of salt that is much smaller!
So f/4 is a LARGE aperture compared to f/16, a SMALL aperture!

Putting Shutter and Aperture together to make an exposure!

EXPOSURE

The overall amount of light striking your sensor

(DIGITAL) SENSOR

Image Capture Device

Yesterday we talked about the SHUTTER/SHUTTER SPEED and APERTURE/F- STOP, etc

In reality you never get to separate your shutter speed from your aperture. You are always going to use your shutter and you are always going to use an aperture. Period. They’re partners. They work together quite nicely.

< Slower shutter speed = MORE light Faster Shutter speed = LESS light>

< Larger Aperture (small number) = MORE light Smaller Aperture = LESS light>

Does that mean you can pick any random number on here and expect it to work?

No! You will pick your shutter speed and aperture based on a few factors.

Factors that determine your choices are:

What you want the photo to look like.
How much light is present.
How sensitive you set your sensor (we’ll get to that.)

Equivalent Exposures...Let's look!

Photo #1

Shows DOF in foreground (1/500 @f2.0)

Small F number (wide aperture size) and short exposure (shutter speed) reduces motion blur but background is out of focus. (DOF)

Photo #2

Focused on same spot but the birds are moving so fast they are blurry (1/125 @f4.0) Aperture is large (f4.0) but shutter (1/125)though faster, isn't fast enough to fix the blur.

This shows the "trade-off" between motion-blur and DOF.

Photo #3

Why is it so blurry? Aperture smaller but shutter open longer (1/8 @f16)

So even with a large F number/smaller aperture (f16), it requires a long exposure time (shutter speed is slow) to acheive enough brightness.

DEPTH OF FIELD (DOF)

The amount of space focused on at one time controlled by the aperture.

f22 (small Aperture opening) = Deep/Great DOF

vs f1.4 (large Aperture Opening = Shallow/Less DOF

REMEMBER!

The LARGER the opening of the lens (small F Stop number) the LESS/SHALLOW the Depth of Field.

Only the dog is sharp when using F 1.4 and the background appears blurred/out of focus.

The smallest opening (large F stop number) the GREATER the Depth of Field. The dog and the background are sharp when using F 22.

Aperture controls where you need to be!

So if you move 2 spots on you aperture...you move 2 stops in the other direction for the shutter speed

Let's say we are taking a high intense sport shot or a bird in flight and we want to stop the motion

Typically, anything above shutter speeds of 1/250 will STOP motion.

So...if we are go from a shutter speed of 1/60 to shutter speed of 1/250 we need to move our F stop 2 spots from f5.6 to f2.8 (see image above)

How image brightness changes with shutter speed...

You have some flexibility when you’re deciding on a shutter speed, but you need to pick your other settings carefully.

On a sunny day, you may need to use a fast shutter speed so that your photo isn’t overexposed. Or, if it is dark out, a long shutter speed may be necessary to avoid a photo that is too dark (which, in turn, could require a tripod, due to motion blur from handholding the camera). For many people, this is the main reason to adjust shutter speed: to make sure your photos are the proper brightness. Still, motion blur concerns are also very important, and should not be overlooked.

What about Motion Blur?

Canon EOS-1D X @ 600mm, ISO 100, 1/15, f/16.0

Canon EOS-1D Mark III + EF70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM +1.4x @ 115mm, ISO 100, 0.6 seconds, f/13.0

When we create an image, the resulting photograph is a combination of all the objects in the scene – as well as their movement through the camera’s viewpoint – over the period of the exposure. During the exposure, if any object in the frame moves faster than the set shutter speed can “freeze,” the subject will look smeared along the direction of its relative motion.

This smearing occurs on an object that moves within the frame, or on a static subject when the camera moves during the exposure. The latter of these options is a useful technique in and of itself for creating a sense of motion in an otherwise motionless scene.

APERTURE...simply put:

Camera Basics Aperture_1440p.mp4

5:18

SHUTTER SPEED...simply put:

Camera Basics Shutter Speed_1440p.mp4

3:30

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